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● ARIZONA
PHOENIX
Fred Arnold, DC, NMD
Kent L.
Pomeroy, M.D.
SCOTTSDALE
Michael Cronin, N.D.
David Tallman, DC, NMD.
TEMPE
Robb D.
Bird, NMD
TUCSON
Jorge B. Cochran, ND.NMD
● ARKANSAS
Merl
B. Cox, D.O.
●
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Christoph Kind, N.D.
●
CALIFORNIA
ANAHEIM
AREA
Hanson
Wong, M.D.
Howard Rosen,
M.D.
AUBURN
Rodney Van Pelt, M.D.
BAKERSFIELD
Payam Kerendian, D.O.
BEVERLY HILLS
Behzad Emad, M.D.
Payam Kerendian, D.O.
CLOVIS
Kevin Wingert, M.D.
GARDEN GROVE
Howard Rosen,
M.D.
GLENDALE
G. Megan Shields, M.D
IRVINE
Allan
Sosin, M.D.
Los Angeles
Donna Alderman,
D.O.
Marc Darrow, M.D
Hanson
Wong, M.D.
Los
GATOS
Joshua M, Donaldson, N.D.
Marin County
Paul
Handleman, D.O.
John Monagle, NMD
Monterey
Howard Rosen,
M.D.
SAN
DIEGO
Andrew
Kulik, D.O.
Gary Matson, D.O.
SAN FRANCISCO EAST BAY
Donna Alderman,
D.O.
SAN FRANCISCO NORTH BAY
Paul
Handleman, D.O.
John Monagle, NMD
San
Ramon
Richard I.
Gracer, M.D.
SANTA
BARBARA
Allen
Thomashefsky, M.D.
SANTA
CRUZ
Joshua M, Donaldson, N.D.
SANTa monica
Peter Fields, M.D.,D.C.
SANTa
ROSA
Justin Hoffman, NMD
Temecula
Edward A.
Venn-Watson, M.D.
UKIAH
AREA
Rodney Van Pelt, M.D.
● COLORADO
BOULDER
Gary Clark, M.D.
BROOMFIELD
Christopher J. Centeno, M.D.
John
R. Schultz, M.D.
COLORADO SPRINGS
Mary Harrow, D.O,
DENVER
Joel A. Berenbeim, D.O.
Thomas Ravin, M.D.
FORT COLLINS
Mark Kelley, N.D. LAc
LITTLETON
Jo
Ann Douglas, M.S.,D.O
PARKER
John
A. Littleford, D.O.
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS
Jon Freckleton, D.O.
● CONNECTICUT
AVON
Valley Sports Physicians & Orthopedic
Medicine
Paul Tortland, D.O.
Albert Kozar
WEST
REDDING
Perry M.
Perretz, D.O.
● DELAWARE
SOUTHERN NJ
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
SOUTHERN PA
Brian J.
Shiple, D.O.
● FLORIDA
ORLANDO AREA
Nelson Kraucak, M.D.
ORMAND BEACH
Hana Chaim, DO
Clearwater
Felix Linetsky, M.D.
PLANTATION
Alvin Stein,M.D.
SARASOTA/TAMPA BAY
Mark Walter, M.D.
Wellington Chen, M.D.
Matthew Burks, M.D.
TAMPA BAY AREA
Felix Linetsky, M.D.
Robinson Family Clinic
● GEORGIA
WARNER ROBINS
E.
Glynn Taunton, D.O.
MARIETTA
Robert C. Shuman, M.D.
● HAWAII
HAIKU
Kevin Davison, N.D.
HILO
Liza Maniquis-Smigel, MD
Honolulu, Hawaii
Liza Maniquis-Smigel, MD
● ILLINOIS
CHICAGOLAND
Ross Hauser, M.D
PEORIA
Yibing
Li, M.D.
Jay Harms,
M.D.
WESTERN ILLINOIS
Anwer Rasheed, M.D.
● INDIANA
CLARKSVILLE
Steven
M. Johnson, D.O.
LAFAYETTE
Carolyn
G. Kochert, M.D.
Mishawaka
Mark S. Cantieri, D.O.,
● IOWA
CLINTON
Anwer Rasheed, M.D.
IOWA CITY
John
Macatee, DO.
WEST DES MOINES
Jacqueline M Stoken, D.O
● KANSAS
KANSAS
CITY AREA
K. Dean Reeves, M.D.
TOPEKA
Doug Frye, M.D.
● KENTUCKY
LOUISVILLE
Steven
M. Johnson, D.O.
● LOUISIANA
NEW ORLEANS AREA
Thomas K. Bond, M.D.
● MARYLAND
Rockville
Ingrid Gheen, M.D.
● MASSACHUSETTS
MALDEN
Albert V. Franchi, M.D.
WORCESTER
Jon Trister, M.D.
● MICHIGAN
Howell
Jerald Gach, DO
SHELBY TWP
Robert Krasnick,
M.D.
Southfield
Jerald Gach, DO
WARREN
Robert Krasnick,
M.D.
● MINNESOTA
EXCELSIOR/Menahga
Mark T. Wheaton, M.D.
MINNETONKA
George H. Kramer, M.D.
● MISSOURI
KANSAS CITY
Edward McDonagh, D.O
ST. Peters
Michael J.
Adams
● MONTANA
HAMILTON
Mark Kelley, N.D. LAc
● NEVADA
CARSON CITY
Alfred N.
Grimes, M.D.
RENO
Andrew C.
Wesely, M.D.
● NEW JERSEY
BLAIRSTOWN
Walter R. Grote, D.O
CENTRAL NJ
Edward Magaziner, M.D.
WAYNE/NORTH NJ
Robert
Kramberg, M.D.
SOUTH NJ/PHILADELPHIA
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
(Cherry Hill)
Joseph P. Mullane, M.D.
(Hamilton)
Brian J.
Shiple, D.O.
(Springfield PA)
●
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
R. Dean Bair, D.O.
James
E. Baum,
D.O.
SANTA FE
James
E. Baum,
D.O.
Jonas R. Skardis, DOM
● NEW YORK
BALDWIN
Pandu Tadoori, M.D.
BUFFALO AREA
Timothy L. Speciale, D.O.
BROOKLYN
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
David Zirkitev,
P.A.
EAST MEADOW
Christopher Calapai, D.O.
FLUSHING
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
HICKSVILLE
David Borenstein, M.D.
MANHATTAN
Richard Ash, M.D.
David Borenstein, M.D.
John H. Juhl, D.O.
Robert Kramberg, M.D.
NEW YORK METRO AREA
Perry M. Perretz, D.O.
Edward Magaziner, M.D.
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
ORANGE
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
ROCKLAND
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
WESTMINSTER
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
● NORTH CAROLINA
ASHEVILLE AREA
Stephen
Blievernicht, M.D.
CARY
Catherine Duncan, D.O.
Huntersville
Dr. Mark Hines
● OHIO
AKRON/CANTON
Vladimir Djuric, M.D.
BLUFFTON
L. Terry Chappell, M.D.
CENTERVILLE
Rick
Buenaventura, M.D.
CINCINNATI
Michael J. Bertram, MD
TOLEDO
AREA
Jay W. Nielsen, M.D.
● OKLAHOMA
BROKEN ARROW
Shirley J.
Welden, M.D.
● OREGON
ASHLAND
Allen
Thomashefsky,M.D.
EUGENE
Thomas
Peterson, M.D.
HILLSBORO
Kevin C. Wilson, N.D.
LAKE OSWEGO
Noel S. Peterson, N.D.
MEDFORD
Carl Osborn, D.O.
OREGON CITY
Joanne Gordon, ND,MS,PT
PORTLAND
Rick Marinelli, N.D.
Chiaoli
Lu, ND. LAc. DAOM.
Patrick Chapman, N.D.
Joshua David,
N.D.
REDMOND
E. Payson Flattery, D.C.,N.D.
SALEM
Donald McBride, Jr, ND
● PENNSYLVANIA
BALA CYNWYD
Harvey Kleinberg, D.O.
BETHLEHEM
James F. Frommer, M.D.
ELKINS PARK
Kab S. Hong, M.D.
JEANNETTE
Martin
P. Gallagher, M.D., D.C.
MEADVILLE
Paul Peirsel,
M.D.
PITTSBURG
Paul S. Lieber, MD
SOUTHERN NJ - PA
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
Allan Magaziner, D.O
Edward Magaziner, M.D.
SPRINGFIELD
Brian J.
Shiple, D.O.
WOMELSDORF
Peter J Blakemore, D.O,
● SOUTH CAROLINA
GREENVILLE/SPARTANSBURG
Robert Schwartz, M.D.
CHARLESTON
Marc N.
Dubick, M.D.
MOUNT PLEASANT
Patrick
Lovegrove, D.O.
● TENNESSEE
BRENTWOOD
Mark L.
Johnson, M.D.
CLARKSVILLE
Rafael Prieto, M.D.
JACKSON
Marcus
E. Meekins, M.D.
MEMPHIS
Marcus
E. Meekins, M.D.
NASHVILLE
Mark L.
Johnson, M.D.
● TEXAS
AUSTIN
Mihnea Dumitrescu, M.D.
David
K. Harris, M.D.
Brad Fullerton, M.D.
DALLAS
Michael Ellman, M.D.
DENTON
Carlos
J. Garcia, M.D.
FORT
WORTH
Gerald Harris, DO
Dennis E. Minotti II, D.O
David E. Teitelbaum, D.O.
HOUSTON
Robert Battle, M.D.
Adam Weglein,
D.O
HOUSTON AREA
Joseph
G. Valdez, M.D
John P. Trowbridge
MESQUITE
Michael Ellman, M.D.
PARIS
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
PLANO
Michael Ellman, M.D.
RICHARDSON
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
SAN ANTONIO
Annette M. Zaharoff,
M.D.
SHERMAN
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
SUNNYVALE
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
TOMBALL
Shaun Lehmann, M.D.
Curtis Fandrich, D.O.
● UTAH
PARK CITY
Harry Adelson, N.D.
Kenneth Hurwitz, M.D.
SALT LAKE CITY
Harry Adelson, N.D.
E. Alan Jeppsen
SPANISH FORK
David Taylor Roberts, M.D
● VERMONT
WINOOSKI
Jonathan
E. Fenton, D.O
● VIRGINIA
ALEXANDRIA
Robert H. Wagner,
M.D.
BLUEFIELD
Lenny
Horwitz, DPM
FAIRFAX
Mayo
Friedlis, M.D.
McLEAN
David Wang, D.O.
VIRGINIA BEACH
Lisa
Barr, M.D.
● WASHINGTON
ISSAQUAH
Jena
Schliiter., M.D.
SEATTLE
AREA
Richard
A. Sandler, M.D.
JoAnna Forwell, N.D.
Adam R.
Geiger, N.D.
● WEST VIRGINIA
MORGANTOWN
Nori Onishi, D.O.
● WISCONSIN
EAU CLAIRE
Deborah Raehl, DO
WAUWATOSA
Neal Pollack, D.O.
MILWAUKEE
William
J. Faber, D.O.
|
PROLOTHERAPY:
A TREATMENT FOR FIBROMYALGIA
Robert Filice, M.D.
Fibromyalgia is a disorder
that continues to mystify physicians, and disable patients. Widespread
muscle
pain and
localized tender
trigger points,
along with
insomnia, and
fatigue are very common symptoms. Any number of factors have been correlated
with
fibromyalgia in the literature, including anaerobic cellular metabolism,
Growth Hormone
deficiency and other hormone imbalance, candida overgrowth,
nutritional
imbalances, heavy metal toxicity,
sleep disorder,
Ligament
laxity,
and allergy and food or chemical sensitivities. The multitude of theories
suggests we don’t have an answer yet, and that
fibromyalgia may be a
multifactorial phenomenon.
At
Caring
Medical
we always search for underlying causes whenever possible in order to avoid
simply “suppressing” symptoms, and usually we will test for
hormones,
heavy metals, and allergy and sensitivities. Environmental chemicals such as
various fumes, colognes, tobacco smoke, and artificial sweeteners often show up
as possible causative factors on comprehensive ALCAT blood testing. Sometimes
patients may be sensitive to the effect of a chemical without it showing up on
ALCAT testing. One example is aspartame sensitivity which is a not uncommon
cause of fibromyalgia syndrome and other joint symptomatology. In fact, Dr H.J.
Roberts studied this connection in 551 patients and reported it in the Townsend
Letter for Doctors in 1991. About 10% of the total aspartame sensitive group had
joint symptoms that resolved when aspartame was discontinued, and recurred when
it was reintroduced. Females outnumbered males 3 to 1. Whether formal testing is
done or not, we believe that any patient with rheumatic complaints deserves a
trial elimination
diet that removes commonly eaten foods, including artificial
sweeteners. When the other factors I listed have been considered and ruled out
or concurrently treated, we believe that further treatment of musculoskeletal
sore spots (ligaments and
tendons) with
Prolotherapy will
bring very significant additional relief of symptoms. Muscle
trigger
points
often result from strain secondary to weak underlying ligaments around the
nearby joints.
Prolotherapy
addresses this underlying weakness. In a 1994 study
published by K. Dean Reeves,1 greater than 75% of even severe
fibromyalgia patients saw reduced pain and increased functional capability after
Prolotherapy. Since it is a relatively little known treatment, I will present
the case for Prolotherapy as concisely as I can.
The Case for
Prolotherapy:
Chronic pain
is one of the most common reasons for the utilization of medical services,
absenteeism from work, disability, and interference with the enjoyment of an
active and fulfilling life style. The traditional medical approaches to chronic
pain are surgery,
anti-inflammatory
and
pain
medications,
local
steroid injections,
electrical pain interference devices, and
physical
therapy. Alternative medicine
commonly offers these patients
acupuncture and acupressure,
chiropractic or
osteopathic
manipulation, nutritional supplements,
applied kinesiology,
massage, and
other body work techniques. It can safely be said that all of these techniques
can help some of these patients some of the time, usually temporarily, but none
of them are uniformly effective, and some of them can actually be harmful. Other
physicians on the front line of caring for pain patients if speaking frankly
might put it another way: existing widely employed methods of controlling
chronic pain are inadequate and minimally and irregularly effective.
Furthermore, they may present hazards to health or create further impediments to
the stated goal of pain relief. This article is written for the purpose of
presenting the case for the increased use of a little-known treatment for
chronic pain known as PROLOTHERAPY. Prolotherapy relieves pain and
disability because it alone of all available treatments addresses pain at its
structural source….the ligaments and tendons.
What is Prolotherapy?
Prolotherapy is the
injection of
special non-steroidal
solutions to areas of pain and injury with the intent of
stimulating blood flow and cellular infiltration to the area (usually at the
bone-ligament junction), resulting in thickening, tightening, and strengthening
of the involved structures, significant and permanent reduction in pain,
stabilization of the joint, arrest of further degenerative changes, and
improvement in functional capacity and range of motion. Put in other terms, Prolotherapy is the rehabilitation of an incompetent structure by the induced
proliferation of new cells and supporting matrix.2
Why should I be treated
by Prolotherapy rather than traditional approaches?
There are really only two answers to this question: first, traditional
approaches are frequently ineffective and can be harmful, and second,
Prolotherapy is very consistently effective and is extremely safe. Here are the
details:
Traditional approaches to
chronic pain and injuries are frequently ineffective and can be harmful:
1. Traditional diagnostic
tests such as X rays, and CT and
MRI
scans commonly reveal findings which are only occasionally the true cause of the
patient’s pain, and thus serve as an inaccurate basis for the recommendation of
surgery. In CT scans of the lower back in the general population, 35%
irrespective of age had abnormal findings even though they had no pain. This
figure is 50% of pain free individuals over 40. With MRI testing, nearly 100% of
those over 60 tested positive for some type of abnormality, with 36% showing
herniated disks, and all but one had degeneration or bulging of at least one
lumbar disk.3,4,5,6 This is the problem of false positives, and has
been clearly published in the 1994 New England Journal of Medicine article by
Maureen Jensen, MD, 7
2. Traditional diagnostic
tests cannot identify laxity or damage to ligaments, the most common source of
chronic pain. Therefore this type of testing will never result in the
recommendation of the most appropriate treatment…Prolotherapy. This is the
problem of false negative findings.8
3. Surgically removing
anatomical structures such as intervertebral disks, bone,
cartilage,
or
menisci
causes near-by structures to undergo chronic abnormal mechanical stress. This
often initiates or accelerates the degenerative arthritic processes. This
includes
arthroscopic surgery, and
spinal fusion
operations. Oftentimes patients continue to experience the same pain post
surgically. Peer review of pain cases treated with surgery (Finneson) suggested
as many as 80% of them should never have been operated upon.
4. Undergoing any procedure
which does not address the true underlying cause of the pain or disability is
bound to produce unsatisfactory results. Laxity or
overstretching of ligaments
is the number one true cause, and is the one factor that is never addressed in
the orthodox approaches.8
5. Although providing
temporary symptom relief, the use of oral
anti-inflammatory drugs
is counter-productive because such drugs stop the inflammatory processs, without
which the body is unable to heal the injury or irritation. It has been
adequately documented that chronic use of such medications accelerates the
arthritis
process in the affected joint.10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,
19,20
6. Injection of
cortisone into
damaged or painful areas is also counterproductive. Although sometimes providing
very modest short term relief of pain, cortisone always blocks the healing
response and weakens local bone, tendon, and ligament tissue. For example,
complete rupture of the
Achilles
tendon
is a well known complication associated with cortisone injection of that tendon
when injected locally for the treatment of partial tears or
tendonitis.
7. Traditional approaches to
the physical examination of the chronic pain patient usually fail to identify
the true source of the pain. In most cases no effort is made to manually
identify specific painful structures such as ligaments, reproduce the patient’s
pain, or to correlate patient localization of pain with known ligament
referral patterns. This frequently results in ineffective treatments because they are
directed at the wrong diagnosis.8
Prolotherapy is an
effective and safe method of eradicating chronic pain:
1. Examination
by a
Prolotherapy doctor emphasizes precise diagnosis. This involves a careful
history, awareness of ligament referral patterns, physical examination, efforts
at manually reproducing the patient’s pain, and often the injection of a local
anesthetic at the site of the painful structure so that immediate relief in pain
confirms it as the source of the problem. Any diagnostic studies such as scans
or X rays are considered supplementary and secondary to diagnosis by physical
examination. Precise and accurate diagnosis which is capable of localizing the
source of pain to ligaments and tendons results in a greater chance of
successful treatment.8
2.
As a non-surgical
treatment modality, Prolotherapy is relatively inexpensive and requires minimal
to no downtime from usual activities of daily living. It also shares none of the
usual list of general potential complications associated with surgery.
3. Prolotherapy does not
disturb, remove or weaken existing non-pathologically-involved structures in the
painful region, nor does it ever accelerate the degenerative arthritic process.
4.
Prolotherapy is an
effective treatment for chronic pain because it is able to specifically and
permanently strengthen tissue and reverse
ligament laxity
and tendon strain, the number one causes of chronic joint and other
musculoskeletal disturbances.9 Beyond relieving pain, the ligament
tightening effect of Prolotherapy stabilizes the commonly seen hyper-mobility in
affected joints, thus literally slowing down or arresting the actual cause of
the degenerative
arthritis process. It is this abnormal motion and friction,
relieved by Prolotherapy, that causes the wearing down of joint cartilage and
reactive bone spur formation that brings on the pain and progression of the
common form of
osteoarthritis.21,22,23,24,25
5. Prolotherapy
consistently produces very favorable clinical results. Patient outcomes reported
by numerous clinicians (see references) after the application of Prolotherapy to
the treatment of various conditions and joints suggests an approximate 80 to 90%
significant improvement rate.8,9
6. Prolotherapy
is safe when properly applied by a trained Prolotherapy doctor.
Dr. Gustav
Hemwall treated
over 10,000 patients with more than four million injections without a single
episode of paralysis, death, permanent nerve injury, or
infection.8
7. Considering
the number of treatments usually required (3 to 8),
prolotherapy treatments cost
only a small fraction of surgery.
Summary:
Current diagnostic and treatment methods have proven themselves inadequate to
the task of permanently relieving chronic pain. Other than complete joint
replacements and complete tendon tears, surgery often provides disappointing
results and can make the area even weaker than before. Non-surgical management
with anti-inflammatory drugs and cortisone shots provides strictly palliative
care and is biochemically and structurally counterproductive in the long term.
Prolotherapy, on the other hand, is a conservative treatment that effectively
rehabilitates weak joints by strengthening their component ligaments and
tendons, and permanently controls chronic pain in the process.
Myofascial pain syndrome
and fibromyalgia syndrome have no definite assigned “cause” at this time in
modern medicine. However, as we look at our clinical experience and open our
eyes to the threats that may come from environmental toxins, allergies, and
consider the impact of hormonal and nutritional balance, as well as the reality
that ligament laxity is probably the most common cause of chronic
musculoskeletal pain, we reach one inescapable conclusion. Fibromyalgia patients
can be greatly helped!
References
1Reeves, K. “Treatment of consecutive
severe fibromyalgia patients with Prolotherapy.” The Journal of Orthopaedic
Medicine. 1994; 16:84-89.
2Babcock, P. et al. Webster’s Third
New International Dictionary. Springfield, MA: G.&C. Merriam Co., 1971, p.
1815.
3Boden, S. “abnormal magnetic-resonance
scans of the
lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects.” The Journal of Bone and Joint
Surgery. 1990; 72A:403-408.
4Jensen, M. “Magnetic resonance imaging
of the lumbar spine in people without back pain.” The New England Journal of
Medicine. 1994; 331:69-73.
5Boden, S. “Abnormal
magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects.” The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1990; 72A”403-408.
6Jensen, M. “Magnetic resonance
imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain.” The New England
Journal of Medicine. 1994; 331:69-73.
7Wiesel, S. “A study of
computer-related assisted tomography 1. The incidence of positive CAT scans in
an asymptomatic group of patients.” Spine. 1984; 9:549-551.
8Hackett, G. Ligament and tendon
Relaxation Treated by Prolotherapy. Third Edition. Springfield, IL:
Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1958, p. 5.
9Klein, R. “Proliferant injections for
low back pain: histologic changes
of injected ligaments and objective measures of lumbar spine mobility before and
after treatment.” Journal of Neurology, Orthopedic Medicine and Surgery.
1989; 10:141-144.
10Mishra, D. “Anti-inflammatory
medication after muscle injury: A treatment resulting in short-term improvement
but subsequent loss of muscle function.” Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.
1995; 77A:1510-1519.
11Brandt, K. “Should osteoarthritis be
treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?” Rheumatic Disease
Clinics of North America. 1993; 19:697-712.
12Brandt, K. “The effects of
salicylates and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on
articular cartilage.” American Journal of Medicine. 1984;
77:65-69.
13Obeid, G. “Effect of ibuprofen on
the healing and remodeling of bone and articular cartilage in the rabbit
temporomandibular joint.” Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.
1992; pp. 843-850.
14Dupont, M. “The efficacy of
anti-inflammatory medication in the treatment of the acutely sprained ankle.”
The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1987; 15:41-45.
15Newman, N. “Acetabular bone
destruction related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.” The Lancet.
1985; July 6:11-13.
16Serup, J. and Oveson, J. “Salicylate
arthropathy: accelerated coxarthrosis during long-term treatment with acetyl
salicylic acid.” Praxis. 1981; 70:359.
17Ronningen, H. and Langeland, N.
“Indomethacin treatment in osteoarthritis of the hip joint.” Acta
Orthopedica Scandanavia. 1979; 50:169-174.
18Newman, N. “Acetabular bone
destruction related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.” The Lancet.
1985; July 6:11-13.
19Serup, J. and Ovesen, J. “Salicylate
arthropathy: accelerated coxarthrosis during long-term treatment with acetyl
salicylic acid.” Praxis. 1981; 70:359.
20Ronningen, H. and Langeland, N.
“Indomethacin treatment in osteoarthritis of the hip joint.” Acta
Orthopedica Scandanavia. 1979; 50:169-174.
21Dorman, T. “Treatment for spinal
pain arising in ligaments using Prolotherapy: A retrospective study.”
Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine. 1991; 13(1):13-19.
22Ongley, M. and Dorman, T., et al.
“Ligament instability of knees: A new approach to treatment.” Manual
Medicine. 1988; 3:152-154.
23Klein, R. “A randomized double-blind
trial of dextrose-glycerine-phenol injections for chronic, low back pain.”
Journal of Spinal Disorders. 1993; 6:23-33.
24Ongley, M. “A
New Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain.” Lancet. 1987; 2:143-146.
25Schwartz,
R. “Prolotherapy: A literature review and retrospective study.” Journal of
Neurology, Orthopedic Medicine, and Surgery. 1991; 12:220-223
|
Prolotherapy
Information and Research
Prolotherapy
●
Prolotherapy
●
How
Does Prolotherapy Work?
●
Why
Does Prolotherapy Work?
●
How
Prolotherapy Helps?
●
Indications - Contraindications
●
Introduction to Prolotherapy
● Why Get Prolotherapy?
● What is Prolotherapy?
●
How Does Prolotherapy Work?
● Are You A Prolo Candidate?
● Ligament Reconstruction
●
How Safe Is Prolotherapy?
●
Finding a Prolotherapy doctor
●
When Prolo May Not
Work
●
20 Questions - Prolotherapy
●
The History of Prolotherapy
●
Curing Chronic Pain
●
Sclerotherapy?
●
Turning to Prolotherapy
●
Prolotherapy and Chronic
Pain
● Proof Prolotherapy is Working
●
Creating Collagen
●
How To
Support Treatment
·
Platelet Rich Plasma PRP
●
Prolotherapy
and Inflammation
●
Prolotherapy
In The News
Prolotherapy
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Prolotherapy to the knee
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